Value stability and change during self-chosen life transitions: Self-selection versus socialization effects

Copyright @ 2013 APA. This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record.Three longitudinal studies examine a fundamental question regarding adjustment of personal values to self-chosen life transitions: Do values fit the new life setting already at its onset, implying value-based self-selection? Or do values change to better fit the appropriate and desirable values in the setting, implying value socialization? As people are likely to choose a life transition partly based on their values, their values may fit the new life situation already at its onset, leaving little need for value socialization. However, we propose that this may vary as a function of the extent of change the life transition entails, with greater change requiring more value socialization. To enable generalization, we used 3 longitudinal studies spanning 3 different life transitions and different extents of life changes: vocational training (of new police recruits), education (psychology vs. business students), and migration (from Poland to Britain). Although each life transition involved different key values and different populations, across all 3 studies we found value fit to the life situation already early in the transition. Value socialization became more evident the more aspects of life changed as part of the transition, that is, in the migration transition. The discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for research on values and personality change, as well as limitations and future directions for research

A Multivariable Approach for Control System Optimization of IGCC with CCS in DECAR Bit Project

Abstract IGCCs with CCS differ from existing IGCCs mainly because of steam integration between gasification process and combined cycle, and because of selective capture of CO2. A dynamic simulator of IGCCs with CCS considered in DECARBit project was developed by using a in house code, ALTERLEGO, and a commercial code ASPEN HYSYS ® . Simulators were used to assess flexibility of the process design and effectiveness of the control system during load changes. Starting from steady state results at nominal load, the simulator development has been implemented to assure a stable transient behavior during load reduction. As a result of this study, the flue-gas temperature and IP pressure should be regulated at fixed setpoint. Moreover, critical behavior of CO shift temperature controllers,can be mitigated by means of suitable setpoint coordination

Nonexistence of nonconstant solutions of some degenerate Bellman equations and applications to stochastic control

For a class of Bellman equations in bounded domains we prove that sub-and supersolutions whose growth at the boundary is suitably controlled must be constant. The ellipticity of the operator is assumed to degenerate at the boundary and a condition involving also the drift is further imposed. We apply this result to stochastic control problems, in particular to an exit problem and to the small discount limit related with ergodic control with state constraints. In this context, our condition on the behavior of the operator near the boundary ensures some invariance property of the domain for the associated controlled diffusion process

A glimpse into the role of personal values within the restorative justice process: A qualitative study with restorative justice facilitators

Restorative justice is a process whereby offenders and their victims communicate to address the harm caused by the crime. Currently, there is little research looking at what characterises victims and offenders who are willing to participate in this process, who benefits, and what changes occur after participating. Personal values may be important in understanding such questions because they can influence human behaviour, appraisals of behaviour, and can change following life experiences. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the role that the values within Schwartz’s (1992) value theory may have in answering these questions. This was accomplished through a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 12 restorative justice facilitators. Consistently, the motivations they observed for both victims and offenders participating in restorative justice included themes of prosocial values. Additionally, some values were highlighted as being important for the realisation of the benefits of restorative justice. There was also some preliminary evidence that this process may change what values are important for both victims and offenders. Overall, these findings have implications for restorative justice providers; a greater understanding of motivations, who will benefit, and how restorative justice can be presented to appeal to a wide audience

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Koperatif Tipe Stad Mengunakan Media Ular Tangga Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pada Mata Pelajarangeografi Siswa Kelas XI is Man Darul Ulum Kota Banda Aceh

Model pembelajaran koperatif tipe STAD merupakan model yang menekankan pada adanya aktivitas dan interaksi di antara siswa untuk saling memotivasi dan saling membantu dalam menguasai materi pelajaran. Media ulartangga adalah sebuah permainan yang mengunakan dadu atau board game. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui: (1) Peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik;(2) Aktivitas guru dan peserta didik; (3)Keterampilan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran; dan (4) Respon peserta didik terhadap model pembelajaran koperatif tipe STAD berbantuan media ulartangga. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI IS MAN Darul Ulum Kota Banda Aceh dengan jumlah 22 orang. Pengambilan data diambil dengan menggunakan instrumen pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa (1) Persentase ketuntasan individual meningkat dari 17 siswa yang tuntas pada siklus I, 19 siswa tuntas di siklus II, dan 21 tuntas pada siklus III, ketuntasan klasikal pun mengalami peningkatan dari 60% pada siklus I, 80% pada siklus II, dan 90% pada siklus III; (2) Aktivitas guru dan siswa meningkat menjadi sesuai dengan persentase waktu ideal; (3) Keterampilan guru meningkat dari perolehan skor 2,53 pada siklus I dengan kategori sedang, skor 3,00 di siklus II dengan kategori baik, dan 3,30 pada siklus III dengan kategori baik; (4) Respon peserta didik, terhadap model pembelajaran koperatif tipe STAD berbantuan media ular tangga dapat dikatagorikan baik

Mental health interventions for university students: A critical review of literature

Being a student, the high intensity of events within a university setting creates significant levels of stress, which may also be associated with mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety. This review aims to examine the impact of mental health interventions on mental health challenges among university students. A comprehensive literature search in Google Scholar, Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO, and APA. Thirty-two articles were included in the review from the database searched according to the PRISMA criteria. Eligible articles were appraised using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tools. In total, 14 randomised controlled trials and 19 cross-sectional studies with the intervention were included. Only eleven studies reported racial/ethnic characteristics of participants, and most of the studies (60%) involved female participants. Evidence indicates that cognitive-behavioural therapy applied in different modalities is a major effective therapy to reduce depression, anxiety, and suicidal symptoms and increase well-being. This review identified the effectiveness of mental health interventions on depression and anxiety among university students. The review highlighted the disparity of ethnic minority representation in mental health intervention studies; hence it is suggested that future research should incorporate elements of ethnic minorities in mental health interventions

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Team Games Tournamentmenggunakan Media Permainan Interaktif Ludo Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMA Inshafuddin Banda Aceh

Penelitian ini berjudul Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Team Games Tournament Menggunakan Media Permainan Interaktif Ludo Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMA Inshafuddin Banda Aceh. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimanakah: (1) Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa; (2)Aktivitas guru dan siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran; (3)Keterampilan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran; dan (4)Respon siswa setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaranmenggunakan model pembelajaran TGT berbantuan media ludo interaktif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X SMA Inshafuddin Banda Aceh yang berjumlah 29 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes hasil belajar,lembar pengamatan aktivitas guru dan siswa, lembar pengamatan keterampilan guru dan angket siswa. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1)Persentase ketuntasan secara individual meningkat pada siklus I terdapat 25 siswa tuntas, siklus II terdapat 27 siswa tuntas, dan siklus III terdapat 28 siswa tuntas sedangkan persentase ketuntasan klasikal juga meningkat dari 60% menjadi 90%; (2) Aktivitas guru dan siswa dari siklus I sampai siklus III telah mencerminkan penerapan menggunakan model pembelajaran; (3)Keterampilan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaranmeningkat, hal ini terlihat pada siklus I diperoleh skor 2,81, siklus II diperoleh 3,07 dan dan pada siklus III diperoleh 3,11 dengan kategori baik; dan (4)Respon siswa setelah mengikuti pembelajaran antara lain 100 persen siswa menjawab model pembelajaran menarik, 86,2 persen siswa menjawab model pembelajaran tergolong baru dan soal evaluasi baik, 82,7 persen siswa menjawab materi pembelajaran menarik dan 79,3 persen siswa menjawab penampilan guru menarik, 93,1 persen siswa menjawab suasana kelas menyenangkan, materi dapat dipahami, dapat menumbuhkan motivasi belajar, dan berminat mengikuti pembelajaran menggunakan model pembelajaran TGT berbantuan media ludo interaktif